Zed Attack Proxy (ZAP) Scanner Reference

Zed Attack Proxy (ZAP) is a free, open-source penetration tool for testing web applications. ZAP runs as a “man-in-the-middle proxy” between the tester’s browser and the web app. You can use ZAP to run penetration testing to simulate a malicious external attack and use the results to protect your app from unauthorized access and denial-of-service attacks.

Zap step configuration

The recommended workflow is add a ZAP step to a Security Tests or CI Build stage and then configure it as described below. You can also configure ZAP scans programmatically by copying, pasting, and editing the YAML definition.

note

• UI configuration support is currently limited to the following scanners: Aqua Trivy, Bandit, Black Duck, Checkmarx, Grype, Mend, Prisma Cloud, Snyk, SonarQube, and ZAP.
• Each step palette shows only the options that apply to a specific scan. If you're setting up a repository scan, for example, the UI won't show Container Image settings.
• Docker-in-Docker is not required for these steps unless you're scanning a container image. If you're scanning a repository using Bandit, for example, you don't need to set up a Background step running DinD.
• Support is currently limited to Kubernetes and Harness Cloud AMD64 build infrastructures only.

Step Palette

Scan

Scan Mode

The orchestration mode to use for the scan. The following list includes the UI and YAML values for the supported options.

• Orchestrated A fully-orchestrated scan. A Security step in the Harness pipeline orchestrates a scan and then normalizes and compresses the results.

• Ingestion Ingestion scans are not orchestrated. The Security step ingest results from a previous scan (for a scan run in an previous step) and then normallizes and compresses the results.

Scan Configuration

The predefined configuration to use for the scan. All scan steps have at least one configuration.

The following options are supported for Zap scans:

• Default
• Standard — scanMode = active, scanType = atandard
• Attack — scanMode = active, scanType = attack
• Quick — scanMode = active, scanType = standard, quickMode = true

Target

Type

• Instance Scan a running application.

Name

The Identifier that you want to assign to the target you’re scanning in the pipeline. Use a unique, descriptive name such as codebaseAlpha or jsmith/myalphaservice.

Variant

An identifier for a specific target to scan, such as the branch name or image tag. This identifier is used to differentiate or group results for a target. Harness maintains a historical trend for each variant.

Workspace

The workspace path on the pod running the Security step. The workspace path is /harness by default.

You can override this if you want to scan only a subset of the workspace. For example, suppose the pipeline publishes artifacts to a subfolder /tmp/artifacts and you want to scan these artifacts only. In this case, you can specify the workspace path as /harness/tmp/artifacts.

Ingestion File

The results data file to use when running an Ingestion scan. Generally an Ingestion scan consists of a scan step (to generate the data file) and an ingestion step (to ingest the data file).

Instance

Domain

Domain of the application instance to scan. You can include the full path to the app in this field, or split the full path between the Domain and the Path fields. Example: https://myapp.io/portal/us

Protocol

HTTPS (default) or HTTP.

Port

The TCP port used by the scanned app instance.

Path

Path to append to the application instance domain, if you're splitting the full path between the Domain and Path settings. For example, you might specify the domain as https://myapp.io and the path as /portal/us.

Log Level, CLI flags, and Fail on Severity

Log Level

The minimum severity of the messages you want to include in your scan logs. You can specify one of the following:

• DEBUG
• INFO
• WARNING
• ERROR

Additional CLI flags

You can use this field to customize the scan with specific command-line arguments supported by that scanner.

Fail on Severity

Every Security step has a Fail on Severity setting. If the scan finds any vulnerability with the specified severity level or higher, the pipeline fails automatically. You can specify one of the following:

• CRITICAL
• HIGH
• MEDIUM
• LOW
• INFO
• NONE — Do not fail on severity

The YAML definition looks like this: fail_on_severity : critical # | high | medium | low | info | none

Additional Configuration

In the Additional Configuration settings, you can use the following options:

• Privileged
• Image Pull Policy
• Run as User
• Set Container Resources

Advanced settings

In the Advanced settings, you can use the following options:

• Conditional Execution
• Failure Strategy
• Looping Strategy
• Policy Enforcement

Security step configuration (deprecated)

Set up a ZAP scan in a Security step

Scan policy types

STO supports the following scan policy types for ZAP:

• orchestratedScan  — A Security step in the pipeline runs the scan and ingests the results. This is easier to set up and supports scans with default or predefined settings.
• ingestionOnly — Run the scan in a Run step, or outside the pipeline, and then ingest the results. This is useful for advanced workflows that address specific security needs. See Ingest scan results into an STO pipeline.

Required Settings

• product_name = zap
• scan_type = instance
• product_config_name— Specify one of the following:
  • standard (scanMode = active, scanType = standard)
  • attack(scanMode = active, scanType = attack)
  • quick(scanMode = active, scanType = standard, quickMode = true)
• instance_identifier— The target Id that will appear in the Test Targets page of the Harness UI.
• instance_environment — The instance environment, such as dev, qa, pre-qa, or prod.
• instance_domain — The app domain to scan, for example public-firing-range.appspot.com/
• instance_protocol — The protocol of the site to scan. Generally this is http or https.
• instance_type = website
• fail_on_severity - See Fail on Severity.

Optional Settings

• instance_path — Specify if the app URL includes a path beyond the domain. If you want to scan https://app.my-domain.com/myModule/myApp, the instance path is myModule/myApp.
• instance_port — Specify if the site is accessed using a non-default port.

Ingestion settings

Ingestion scan settings

The following settings are required for Security steps where the policy_type is ingestionOnly.

• target name The Identifier that you want to assign to the target you’re scanning in the pipeline. Use a unique, descriptive name such as codebaseAlpha or jsmith/myalphaservice.

• variant An identifier for a specific target to scan, such as the branch name or image tag. This identifier is used to differentiate or group results for a target. Harness maintains a historical trend for each variant.

• ingestion_file The results data file to use when running an Ingestion scan. You should specify the full path to the data file in your workspace, such as /shared/customer_artifacts/my_scan_results.json.

The following steps outline the general workflow for ingesting scan data into your pipeline:

1. Specify a shared folder for your scan results, such as /shared/customer_artifacts. You can do this in the Overview tab of the Security stage where you're ingesting your data.

2. Create a Run step that copies your scan results to the shared folder. You can run your scan externally, before you run the build, or set up the Run step to run the scan and then copy the results.

3. Add a Security step after the Run step and add the target name, variant, and ingestion_file settings as described above.

For a complete workflow description and example, go to Ingest Scan Results into an STO Pipeline.

YAML configuration

The following YAML pipeline includes example stages for scanning a repository (Bandit step), an image (AquaTrivy step), and an app (ZAP step).

tip

If you want to set up scan steps programmatically using YAML, the best practice is to set up your step in a pipeline using the Visual Editor and then copy, paste, and edit the YAML definition.

pipeline:
  name: sto-step-palette-example
  identifier: stosteppaletteexample
  projectIdentifier: my_sto_project
  orgIdentifier: default
  tags: {}
  properties:
    ci:
      codebase:
        connectorRef: MY_GITHUB_CONNECTOR
        build: <+input>
  stages:
    - stage:
        name: runSecurityTestsStage
        identifier: runSecurityTestsStage
        type: SecurityTests
        spec:
          cloneCodebase: true
          execution:
            steps:
              - step:
                  type: Background
                  name: docker_dind
                  identifier: Background_1
                  spec:
                    connectorRef: MY_DOCKER_CONNECTOR
                    image: docker:dind
                    shell: Sh
                    privileged: true
              - step:
                  type: Bandit
                  name: banditScanRepo
                  identifier: banditScanRepo
                  spec:
                    mode: orchestration
                    config: default
                    target:
                      name: dvpwa
                      type: repository
                      variant: <+codebase.branch>
                    advanced:
                      log:
                        level: info
                      fail_on_severity: none
              - step:
                  type: AquaTrivy
                  name: aquaTrivyScanContainerImage
                  identifier: aquaTrivyScanContainerImage
                  spec:
                    mode: orchestration
                    config: default
                    target:
                      name: myAlphaService
                      type: container
                      variant: latest
                    advanced:
                      log:
                        level: info
                    privileged: true
                    image:
                      type: docker_v2
                      name: jsmith/myalphaservice
                      domain: docker.io
                      tag: latest
              - step:
                  type: Zap
                  name: zapScanInstance
                  identifier: zapScanInstance
                  spec:
                    mode: orchestration
                    config: default
                    target:
                      name: my-gruyere
                      type: instance
                      variant: test
                    advanced:
                      log:
                        level: info
                    instance:
                      domain: https://google-gruyere.appspot.com/XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX/
                      protocol: https
          infrastructure:
            type: KubernetesDirect
            spec:
              connectorRef: MY_K8S_CONNECTOR
              namespace: harness-delegate-ng
              automountServiceAccountToken: true
              nodeSelector: {}
              os: Linux
          sharedPaths:
            - /var/run